48. Reston, Deadline, 73.
49. Overy, 1939, 69–110; Parker, Chamberlain, 336–42.
50. Quoted in Steiner, Triumph of the Dark, 1018.
51. JPK unpublished diplomatic memoir, chap. 34, pp. 1–2, box 148, JPKP.
52. JPK diary, September 3, 1939, printed in Smith, Hostage to Fortune, 365–67. Rose Kennedy shared her husband’s reaction. Decades later she could still recall Chamberlain’s “heartbroken, heartbreaking speech.” RK, Times to Remember, 252.
53. The speech in full is at the International Churchill Society, winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1939-in-the-wings/war-speech/. Chamberlain had not relished bringing Churchill into the government: in July 1939, he told Joe Kennedy that Churchill “has turned into a fine two-handed drinker…his judgment has never proved to be good,” and that if he had been in the Cabinet “England would have been at war before this.” Now, however, the prime minister felt that Churchill was likely to cause less trouble inside the Cabinet than outside. Self, Neville Chamberlain, 386.
54. Overy, 1939, 97.
55. Beschloss, Roosevelt and Kennedy, 190.
56. Kathleen Kennedy, “Lamps in a Blackout” (unpublished comment), September 1939, printed in Smith, Hostage to Fortune, 371–72; Swift, Kennedys Amidst the Gathering, 194.
57. Time, September 18, 1939; Whalen, Founding Father, 273; Sandford, Union Jack, 56–58; Macdonald OH, JFKL. See also the materials in box 19, JPKP.
58. JFK memo, September 8, 1939, box 17, JPKP.
59. JFK memo, September 8, 1939, box 17, JPKP; Hamilton, JFK: Reckless Youth, 286.
60. Brogan, Kennedy, 14.