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girls. They were exactly like an old-fashioned, burlesque pony ballet, wonderfully good-looking girls, with their great long legs and great manes of hair, attacking the voters sort of en masse. It was an extraordinary performance, I’d never seen anything like it before in any campaign.” Alsop OH, JFKL.

38. O’Brien, No Final Victories, 31–32.

39. Frank Morrissey OH, JFKL.

40. Martin and Plaut, Front Runner, 180.

41. Whalen, Founding Father, 424; Shaw, JFK in the Senate, 34; Savage, Senator from New England, 17–18.

42. An excellent biography is Patterson, Mr. Republican. A brief and incisive treatment is in Farber, Rise and Fall, chap. 1.

43. As early as July 1951, however, Joe Kennedy could write to Jack: “[Arthur] Krock also told me very confidentially that Chris Herter had a confidential talk with Eisenhower and that Eisenhower is definitely a candidate and wants the Republican nomination.” JPK to JFK, July 13, 1951, box 4, JPKP.

44. On the GOP nomination fight, see, e.g., Hitchcock, Age of Eisenhower, chaps. 3–4; and Patterson, Mr. Republican, 509–34.

45. On the selection of Nixon, and Eisenhower’s ambivalence, see Frank, Ike and Dick, 33–37.

46. Stevenson refused to strike back at these and other GOP attacks. In a speech before the American Legion on “The Nature of Patriotism,” he said, “The tragedy of our day is the climate of fear in which we live, and fear breeds repression. Too often sinister threats to the Bill of Rights, to freedom of the mind, are concealed under the patriotic cloak of anti-Communism.”

47. See Lodge, Storm Has Many Eyes, chap. 3.

48. Whalen, Founding Father, 425.

49. Boston Herald, August 23, 1952.

50. Boston Herald, September 9, 1952.

51. Ruth Karp to Francis Morrissey, September 5, 1952, box 102, JFK Pre-Pres; BG, September 17, 1952; Waltham News Tribune, September 17, 1952; Miller, Henry Cabot Lodge, 253. “Few Differences Bared in Kennedy-Lodge Debate,” read the Globe headline. According to the accompanying article, the debate was delayed by thirty-five minutes as Kennedy supporters protested plans to make a wire recording of the debate for local broadcast, and distribution of a pro-Lodge pamphlet. Kennedy put the matter to rest when he allowed the recording.

52. Norris, Mary McGrory, 27–28; BG, September 17, 1952.

53. It is perhaps noteworthy that Jack himself wrote his substantial opening statement for the debate, judging by the handwritten version to be found in his papers, and that he focused substantially on foreign policy. See box 94, JFK Pre-Pres.

54. Whalen, Kennedy Versus Lodge, 89.

55. On a typical late-campaign day, October 21, Kennedy toured Fall River and its factories in the morning, and Taunton and its factories in the afternoon. That evening he appeared in a televised American Federation of Labor panel discussion, then hustled to evening rallies in Brockton, Randolph, and Taunton. Campaign press release, October 21, 1952, box 25, DFPP.

56. Powers extended OH, box 9, DFPP.

57. Time, July 19, 1954.

58. Quoted in Wicker, Shooting Star, 110. See also Frank, Ike and Dick, 74–75.

59. BG, September 10, 1962; Whalen, Kennedy Versus Lodge, 145.

60. “Information from Sargent Shriver,” September 19, 1952, box 47, AES; Stossel, Sarge, 109.

61. Collier and Horowitz, Kennedys, 187.

62. Phil David Fine OH, JFKL; Leamer, Kennedy Men, 303.

63. Fine OH, JFKL; Hirsch Freed OH, JFKL; Whalen, Founding Father, 426; Kessler, Sins of the Father, 337.

64. Whalen, Founding Father, 427–28. For JFK’s denial, see his letter to Westbrook Pegler in 1958, quoted in Oshinsky, Conspiracy So Immense, 241. See also Pegler’s harshly anti-Lodge column in the New York Journal-American, October 16, 1952. “This is the McCarthy bandwagon,” Pegler wrote. “It is the best bandwagon in the whole campaign. Anyone who wants a ride ought to be man enough to ask Joe publicly.” For the possibility that Kennedy over time may have sent much more money to McCarthy, see Tye, Demagogue, chap. 4. The amount cannot be known, since public reporting was not required in the period.

65. Nasaw, Patriarch, 668; Oshinsky, Conspiracy So Immense, 241.

66. An internal Lodge poll in September showed that Kennedy had made worryingly large gains in Boston. Lodge had carried the city by twenty thousand votes in 1946, but he was now projected to lose it by ninety thousand votes. Upper-income voters who generally leaned Republican were moving to Kennedy, an analyst noted. “PMS Analysis of Poll,” September 5, 1952, reel 18, HCLP II.

67. BG, October 3, 1952, and October 23, 1952. The Lodge campaign prepared a tabulation of the two men’s voting records in 1947 to 1952; it showed Kennedy with 179 votes “absent and not recorded” and Lodge with 58. “Absent and Not Recorded—The Kennedy-Lodge Record, 1947–1952,” u.d. (fall 1952), reel 18, HCLP II.

68. Quoted in Greenberg, Republic of Spin, 281.

69. BP, October 25, 1952; Shaw, JFK in the Senate, 43–44; Whalen, Founding Father, 430–31. A later pro-Kennedy editorial in the Post, dated November 3, the day before the deadline, was titled “Jack Kennedy: All Man—100 % American.”

70. O’Donnell transcripts re. Lodge, box 9, DFPP; Charles Worden to Lodge, November 8, 1952, quoted in Whalen, Kennedy Versus Lodge, 151.

71. Macdonald OH, JFKL; RK, Times to Remember, 327; O’Brien, No Final Victories, 36.

72. O’Donnell transcripts re. Lodge, box 9, DFPP.

73. Matthews, Jack Kennedy, 145.

74. O’Donnell, Brotherhood, 82.

75. Kenneth O’Donnell transcripts re. Lodge, box 9, DFPP.

76. See Robert Kennedy’s recollection in Meyers, As We Remember Him, 59.

77. Whalen, Kennedy Versus Lodge, 157.

78. “Congressman John F. Kennedy gained more prestige by defeating Senator Henry Cabot Lodge last election day than any other winner in the entire country, with the one exception of President-Elect Eisenhower,” wrote columnist Clem Norton. Lynn Telegram-News, November 16, 1952.

79. O’Donnell transcripts re. Lodge, box 9, DFPP; Lynn Telegram-News, November 16, 1952. For a Lodge adviser’s post-election assessment, which listed several of these factors in explaining the outcome, see Sears to Shea, December 8, 1953, reel 8, HCLP II.

80. Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, 96–98. Lodge himself placed primary blame for his defeat on fellow Republicans: “Lodge blamed Republicans, not JFK’s early start: ‘I have a view which I think I can substantiate. What lost me that election were the Republicans who were angry at me because of the defeat of Senator Robert A. Taft at the Convention.’ ” Lodge OH, JFKL.

81. O’Brien, No Final Victories, 27.

82. SEP, June 13, 1953.

83. O’Brien, No Final Victories, 31.

84. Comparing the rival campaigns’ expenditures is not easy, but according to The New York Times they were not that far apart, at least in the final two months: “Each has large headquarters establishments in downtown Boston, with both paid and volunteer help. Each is producing bales of expensively printed literature. Each is making extensive use of local radio and television facilities. Kennedy has about 800 billboards around the state and Lodge about 500.” Cabell Phillips, “Case History of a Senate Race,” New York Times Magazine, October 26, 1952.

85. Transcript, Meet the Press, November 9, 1952, box 105, JFK Pre-Pres.

86. Powers extended OH, box 9, DFPP.